The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
Queen Camilla will take a break from her royal duties after King Charles cancer diagnosis
With Harry and Meghan stepping down from their royal duties and prince Andrew getting estranged from the family, the number of working royals has reduced significantly. Sadly, during the recent months that number lowered even further after Kate Middleton underwent what was described as a “planned” abdominal surgery and King Charles was diagnosed with cancer, forcing both of them to take some time off.
Kate is expected to return to her royal duties not earlier than Easter, while the King shares his time between London, where he receives weekly treatments, and Sandringham, the royal estate in Norfolk, England.
While both royals either cleared their schedules or postponed certain royal engagements, their significant others, as well as other members of the royal family stepped in for them.
Queen Camilla had a tough few weeks where she had to take on a lot of responsibility for the royal family. Among the rest, she led the royal family at the memorial service for the late King Constantine of Greece, and now, according to the Palace, she would also be taking a week off
Camilla is expected to return to her regular duties on March 11, when she is scheduled to lead the Royal Family at Westminster Abbey for the Commonwealth Day service.
During her week off, she would be spending her time with her husband, the King, and the rest of the members of the Firm.
King Charles was diagnosed with a type of cancer following the surgery for an enlarged prostate, but no details have been revealed of the type of the stage of the cancer.
The King himself released a statement recently, thanking everyone for their well-wishes, and then took his time to thank his people once again during his meeting with Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.
When it comes to Kate, the Palace reassured those doubting the severity of her condition with a statement that read, “We were very clear from the outset that the Princess of Wales was out until after Easter and Kensington Palace would only be providing updates when something was significant.”
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“I’ve had so many wonderful messages and cards. It’s reduced me to tears most of the time,” King Charles told Sunak.
“I hear there’s been a lot more attention and interest on those main, wonderful cancer charities, many of which I’ve been patron for years,” he added and laughed.
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