The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
Some of us still remember when “typing classes” had to be taken on actual typewriters
A few of us can still recall the days when “typing classes” required using real typewriters.
It is almost impossible to imagine that there was a period when typing had a tactile, almost rhythmic quality in an era when computerized screens rule our communication.
Our fingers danced across keys in a complete ten-finger ballet, not the constrained choreography meant for smartphones.
The medium for this dance was the typewriter, the mysterious device that ran on paper and ambition and required no electricity at all.
The late 1800s saw a great deal of advancement in communication technology, which is when the typewriter first came into being. Relics from this era are housed at the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation, where curator Kristen Gallerneaux shows that the typewriter was not an immediate hit.
Its origins were largely due to Milwaukee printer Christopher Sholes and Carlos Glidden, who were inspired by a magazine article to design what would eventually become the first typewriter to be commercially successful.
The invention of Sholes and Glidden, who called it after themselves, was a technical miracle. It struck a compromise between the precision necessary for legible typing and the need for durability to withstand users’ need to “bang away on the keys.”
The typewriter took a while to become well-known despite its inventiveness; it didn’t take off until 1874.
The typewriter was a marvel of design as much as a technological achievement. The QWERTY keyboard layout, which was popularized by the Sholes and Glidden typewriter and is still in use today due to its efficiency in minimizing letter jamming by separating frequently used pairings, was introduced.
Centuries later, this keyboard layout’s answer to a mechanical issue unintentionally influenced how we use them.
The typewriter started to change the American workplace by the late 1880s. A notable change was brought about by the invention of the typewriter, which at first was used mostly by men.
By 1910, women accounted for nearly 80% of professional typists, a significant shift in the office setting.
This change was a social revolution that redefined gender roles in the workplace, not merely a technological one.
Innovations like the Nodin typewriter were the result of the search for a quieter typing experience. Its moniker, a witty reference to its silent functioning, perfectly captured the way typewriter design has continued to advance.
Even though the Nodin is a unique find, its presence demonstrates the inventive lengths inventors were willing to go to in order to enhance typing.
We haven’t even discussed electric typewriters in our history, which added a new level of convenience and noise to the typing experience. Nonetheless, early typewriters’ tactile feedback and straightforward mechanics have left a lasting impression on those who have used them.
Many individuals still enjoy listening to the old-fashioned clickity-clack sound of the keys.
The story takes a pleasant detour and returns to the act of typing. One of these old machines is available for you to type on, thanks to the curator at the Henry Ford Museum. The sensation serves as a sharp reminder of how physically demanding typing on a typewriter is, in sharp contrast to how natural typing on a modern keyboard is.
It’s a nostalgic moment that serves as a reminder of the development of writing technology and the timeless allure of typing.
The typewriter is a link to a lost era of communication because of its intricate mechanical design and lengthy history. It is a sentimental stroll down memory lane for those who recall. It’s an invitation to those who are unfamiliar with typing to discover the tactile delights of a world where words were created physically and each letter carried weight.
The typewriter is a monument to the human need for connection, communication, and creation even as we enter the digital age.
Watch the video below to find out more about the complex and fascinating history of the common typewriter! Kindly DISPLAY this to your loved ones.
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