The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
The Unlikely Friendships Between Dogs and Other Animals
Although they’ve long been regarded as man’s best friend, did you know that dogs can become friends with other animals as well? You’ll grin when you see these endearing relationships between dogs and all kinds of wildlife. Let’s enjoy some of these precious moments that were caught on video.
Ducks and Dogs: An Ageless Bond
As evidenced by this cute picture of Rusty the cocker spaniel offering Donald the duck a ride on his back, our furry pals have been buddies with ducks since 1949. Ducks and dogs share a unique kinship that endures over time.
Dogs and Monkeys: Picking Up Tips from the Finest
A touching event occurred in the busy Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka when a monkey gave a firm hug to its adopted puppy buddy. This loving demonstration between two distinct animals illustrates the strength of friendship and love.
Piglets and French Bulldogs: An Unbreakable Bond
Baby, a French bulldog at the Lehnitz animal refuge in Germany, discovered that cuddling piglets was his true calling. Six little piglets and Baby struck up a conversation right away. These endearing exchanges serve as a reminder that friendship has no bounds.
Ducks and Dogs: Lifelong Playmates
This adorable picture shows the amazing friendship between Barclay the dog and Rudy the duck. When the two are together, they frolic and leap, demonstrating the unadulterated happiness that may result from strange friendships.
French Bulldogs and Tigers: Cuddling Together
A French bulldog named Bella provided a two-week-old young tiger cub with loving care in Japan. When the cub’s mother rejected it, Bella intervened to make sure the little tiger didn’t feel abandoned. This touching demonstration of interspecies empathy highlights the generosity present in the animal realm.
Dogs and Elephants: A True Friendship’s Tail
At the Tennessee Elephant Sanctuary, most interactions between humans are restricted, but Bella the dog discovered a unique opening. She developed a close relationship with Tarra the elephant, and the two would frequently follow one another about and even share a bed. This endearing bond serves as a reminder that love is unconditional and unaffected by size or species.
These are Only the First Steps…
There are countless touching stories of dogs and other animals becoming buddies. These strange relationships—such as dogs and cats cuddling up to mice or a kind, enormous bear carrying its devoted dog companion—serve as a powerful reminder of the strength of friendship and love. Animals are incredibly good at finding friends in the most unlikely places.
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